33391 total results

Brief report compiled by David J. Armour, social sciences researcher for the Rand Corporation. This report which was commissioned by the Norfolk City Attorney, argues the case to end cross-town busing for elementary school students and return to neighborhood schools. One of the main reasons to end cross-town busing and make a return to neighborhood schools, is to prevent further white and black flight from the city to neighboring areas (i.e. Virginia Beach) and resegregation of Norfolk schools, which was inevitably caused by court-ordered busing. The report also disputes a previous report by a Norfolk School Board consultant, which felt that neighborhood schools would increase segregation.

Report compiled by David J. Armour, social sciences researcher for the Rand Corporation. This report argues the case to end cross-town busing for elementary school students and return to neighborhood schools. One of the main reasons to end cross-town busing and make a return to neighborhood schools, is to prevent further white flight from the city to neighboring areas (i.e. Virginia Beach) and nearby private schools, as well as resegregation of Norfolk schools, which was inevitably caused by court-ordered busing. The report also disputes the fact that desegregation has improved academic achievement, because of poor performance of Norfolk students on statewide competency tests in the late 1970s.

The first report compiled by Dr. Leslie G. Carr and Dr. Donald Zeigler, who are both instructors at Old Dominion University. The report disputes Armor's claims that ending cross-town busing for elementary school students in Norfolk, would prevent further white flight, in that when busing ended, white students did not return to the schools as predicted. The second report is Armor's response to Carr's and Zeigler's report. Armor claims that Carr and Ziegler misstated his findings, in that white students would return in the first year after the end of busing, instead of actually stating that it would be a gradual return.

This report disputes Armor's claims that ending cross-town busing for elementary school students in Norfolk, would prevent further white flight, in that other factors instead of busing caused flight. These factors include white flight starting several years before busing would take place, as well as black and white increases in student achievement contrary to Armor's conclusions. The report also criticizes Armor for not clearly defining a "neighborhood school" and what kind of school it would be in Norfolk.

Legal document stating that Paul R. Riddick and others, appealing the district court's refusal to invalidate a new pupil assignment plan for the elementary schools (grades K-6) of the City of Norfolk. Under the new assignment plan, mandatory cross-town busing, required at first by court order in 1971, would be eliminated for elementary school students, in that they would be assigned to neighborhood schools, with a a transfer provision with free transportation for minority students who desire it. The plaintiffs state that adoption of the new assignment plan was racially motivated and that its implementation violates their constitutional rights under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The defendants state that the new assignment plan is to stem the adverse affects of busing (i.e. 'white flight' and resegregation). The Fourth Circuit Court eventually ruled in favor of the district court's finding that the Board's decision to adopt a neighborhood school plan was to stem further white flight and increase parental involvement, and was not an intent to discriminate. This document also lists previous desegregation litigation cases in Norfolk,a brief history of cross-town busing in Norfolk, as well as describing the neighborhood schools plan.

Anti-busing statement sent to the Norfolk School Board, criticizing them for postponing the Neighborhood School Plan due to continuing litigation.

Legal document, describing the plaintiffs' contesting of the defense's "white-flight" and "resegregation" arguments, in that the racial composition of the schools has been stable since 1980.

Legal document, describing the plaintiffs' contesting of the defense's "white-flight" and "resegregation" arguments, in that the racial composition of the schools has been stable since 1980.

Report describing white flight patterns in Nashville, Tennessee, as a result of court ordered cross-town busing for all students which began in 1971, with a number of white students enrolling in private schools or moving to adjacent counties. The report debates whether the decline in white students was caused by white-flight or declining birth rates. The report also discusses options that the school board can pursue to stem the flight which is causing resegregation in the schools.

Hugh J. Scott a witness for the plaintiff (Robert W. Kelley, et. al. vs. Metropolitan County Board of Education of Nashville and Davidson County), describing the long history of discrimination towards black Americans in regard to education in public schools, as well as the complexity of school desegregation. Scott also feels that the study and culture of black Americans and other ethnic groups should be integrated into the curricular experiences of students nationwide.

Brochure published by the National Conference of Christians and Jews entitled, ""A Unique Program for Combatting Bigotry and Prejudice.""

Brochure published by the National Conference of Christians and Jews entitled, advertising "Brotherhood Week" to be held February 20-27, 1977.

Book marker entitled "Brotherhood, Brotherhood, Brotherhood Begins with Respect," published by the National Conference of Christians and Jews for "Brotherhood Week."

Man and his young son take part in the Poor People's March in downtown Norfolk, near the Federal Building.

Academic, author, and activist, Professor Cornel West, presents the 1998 MLK Lecture in Webb Center. West discussed his book, "Restoring Hope," and race relations in the United States.

An unidentified lawyer or activist talks about the controversy regarding Norfolk school principal Satterfield (first name unknown). 0:01:16

Compiled interview footage of civil rights activist Moses A. Riddick. In the footage, Riddick discuses how governor Mills E. Godwin, Jr. has done more for African-Americans in Virginia than previous governors, the need for increased desegregation in the state, and increasing efforts for voter registration. Compilation of outtake/B-roll footage. 0:04:45